Lusaka: It has been almost three months since Zambia’s president, Hakainde Hichilema, enacted the Cyber Security and Cyber Crimes Acts of 2025 into law. While the legislation has been praised by some for its intent to combat digital crimes and enhance national security, others criticize it for potentially stifling freedom of expression and speech.
According to Deutsche Welle, Zambia’s Foreign Affairs Minister, Mulambo Haimbe, clarified that the laws are designed to protect citizens online without intruding on fundamental freedoms. Haimbe emphasized that the government’s intention is not to intercept communications unlawfully. Oliver Shalala Sepiso, a media consultant for the ruling United Party for National Development, echoed this sentiment, stating the laws are focused on digital protection rather than surveillance.
Despite these assurances, the enactment of the laws on April 8 went largely unnoticed, with minimal media coverage. Many Zambians became aware of the new regulations through a warning from the United States embassy in Lusaka about the legislation’s intrusive aspects. Richard Mulonga, CEO of Bloggers of Zambia, expressed concerns over provisions that could restrict free expression and digital rights.
The Law Association of Zambia, led by President Lungisani Zulu, plans to challenge the new law in court, arguing that it infringes on citizens’ rights and could undermine Zambia’s democracy. The Media Institute of Southern Africa has reported a negative impact on journalists, who now face increased self-censorship to avoid legal repercussions.
Young Zambians have mixed feelings about the laws. While some, like social media user Kellys Mushota, note a decrease in online harassment, others worry about privacy and the potential for government surveillance. Researcher Joshua Seke shared concerns over the interception of private conversations, whereas Lusaka resident Mary Ndau believes the laws will deter online abuse.
The situation presents a complex challenge for President Hichilema, who as an opposition leader criticized similar legislation but now oversees the implementation of even stricter laws. This development aligns with a broader trend seen by the West Africa Media Foundation, which reports increasing restrictive cyber laws across the continent.